仮定法過去形
形状
仮定法過去形の文章は、 'if' 節が単純過去形で、主節は条件付現在形あるいは 条件付現在継続形です。
| If 節 (条件文) | 主節 (結果) |
|---|---|
| If +単純過去 | 条件付現在形 or 条件付現在継続形 |
| If this thing happened | that thing would happen. |
すべての条件文と同様に、文節の順序は決まっていません。代名詞を置き換えたり、句読点を調節しなければならない場合もありますが、意味は同じです。
例
- If it rained, you would get wet.
- You would get wet if it rained.
- If you went to bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired.
- You wouldn't be so tired if you went to bed earlier.
- If she fell, she would hurt herself.
- She would hurt herself if she fell.
機能
仮定法過去形は、ありそうもなり、あるいは仮定に基いた条件で、起こる可能性のある結果を述べます。これらの文章は現実の状況に基いていません。仮定法過去形が指す時間は今あるいはいつでも で、仮説を述べます。
例
- If the weather wasn't so bad, we would go to the park. (But the weather is bad so we can't go.)
- If I was the Queen of England, I would give everyone a chicken. (But I am not the Queen.)
- If you really loved me, you would buy me a diamond ring.
- If I knew where she lived, I would go and see her.
"if I was"の代わりに"if I were" と言うのはとても一般的で、正しい使い方です。
例
- If I were taller, I would buy this dress.
- If I were 20, I would travel the world.
- If I were you, I would give up smoking.
- If I were a plant, I would love the rain.
仮定法過去形の文章では、主節に"would"の代わりに叙法を使い、結果に対する確信、承認や推薦の度合いを示すこともできます。
例
- We might buy a larger house if we had more money
- He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
- If he called me, I couldn't hear.
条件付現在時制
すべての動詞の条件付現在形は、二つの要素から成ります：
would + "to"を使わない主動詞の不定詞
| 主語 | + would | + 不定詞 |
|---|---|---|
| He | would | go |
| They | would | stay |
To Go、条件付現在形
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 | 否定疑問文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I would go | I wouldn't go | Would I go? | Wouldn't I go? |
| You would go | You wouldn't go | Would you go? | Wouldn't you go? |
| He would go | He wouldn't go | Would he go? | Wouldn't he go? |
| She would go | She wouldn't go | Would she go? | Wouldn't she go? |
| We would go | We wouldn't go | Would we go? | Wouldn't we go? |
| They would go | They wouldn't go | Would they go? | Wouldn't they go? |