単純現在時制
単純現在時制はこのように使われます：
-
習慣、一般的な真実、繰り返される行動や不変の状況、感情や願望の表現：
I smoke (習慣); I work in London (不変の状況); London is a large city (一般的な真実) -
指示や命令：
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left. -
現在や未来に取り決められたこと：
Your exam starts at 09.00 -
接続詞after, when, before, as soon as, untilの後の未来の表現：
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
注意！単純現在形は、今起こっている行動を表現するのではありません。
例
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習慣
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly. -
繰り返される行動や出来事
We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer. -
一般的な真実
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.
-
指示や説明
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford. -
取り決められたこと
His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March -
未来の構文と共に
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.
単純現在時制の作り方： to think
| 肯定文 | 疑問文 | 否定文 |
|---|---|---|
| I think | Do I think? | I do not think |
| You think | Do you think? | You do not think |
| He thinks | Does he think? | He does not think |
| She thinks | Does she think? | She does not think |
| It thinks | Does it think? | It does not think |
| We think | Do we think? | We do not think. |
| They think | Do they think? | They do not think. |
単純現在形に関する備考。三人称単数
-
三人称単数では、動詞は 常に -sで終わります：
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks. -
否定文や疑問文では DOES (= 助動詞 'DO'の三人称単数形) + 動詞の不定詞
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla. -
-y で終わる動詞：三人称単数では -y を-iesに変更：
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays -
Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
例
- He goes to school every morning.
- She understands English.
- It mixes the sand and the water.
- He tries very hard.
- She enjoys playing the piano.