単純過去形
学習テスト単純過去形の機能
単純過去は、 今より前に終了した行動 について述べるために使います。期間は重要ではありません。行動が起こった時は、最近でも、ずっと前でも使えます。
例
- John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
- My father died last year.
- He lived in Fiji in 1976.
- We crossed the Channel yesterday.
いつ 何かが起こったかを述べる時に単純過去を使います。
-
frequency: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school. -
a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night - an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.
- She played the piano when she was a child.
備考： ago は、どれくらい前かを表現するのに役立つ言葉で、ある時間の 後 を示します： a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
注意： 英語の単純過去形は、あなたの母国語の時制のように見えるかもしれませんが、おそらく意味が異なるでしょう。
単純過去形の作り方
通常の動詞の単純過去形のパターン
| 肯定文 | ||
| 主語 | + 動詞 + ed | |
| I | skipped. | |
| 否定文 | ||
| 主語 | + did not | + toのない不定詞 |
| They | didn't | go. |
| 疑問文 | ||
| Did | + 主語 | +toのない不定詞 |
| Did | she | arrive? |
| 否定疑問文 | ||
| Did not | + 主語 | + toのない不定詞 |
| Didn't | you | play? |
To Walk
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
|---|---|---|
| I walked | I didn't walk | Did I walk? |
| You walked | You didn't walk | Did you walk? |
| He walked | He didn't walk | Did he walk? |
| We walked | We didn't walk | Did we walk? |
| They walked | They didn't walk | Did they walk? |
to be, to have, to doの単純過去時制
| 主語 | 動詞 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Be | Have | Do | |
| I | was | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| He/She/It | was | had | did |
| We | were | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| They | were | had | did |
肯定文、否定文&疑問文形での備考
肯定文
肯定文での単純過去形は簡単です。
- I was in Japan last year
- She had a headache yesterday.
- We did our homework last night.
否定文と疑問文
否定文と疑問文での一般動詞としての"do"の単純過去形は、助動詞の"do",を使います。例 We didn't do our homework last night.
単純過去形での"have"の否定は助動詞の"do"を使いますが、単にnot や縮約の "n't"を使うこともできます。
単純過去形での"have"の疑問文は一般に助動詞"do".を使います。
例
- They weren't in Rio last summer.
- We didn't have any money.
- We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
- We didn't do our exercises this morning.
- Were they in Iceland last January?
- Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
- Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
備考：単純過去形における すべての 動詞の否定や疑問には常に助動詞 'did''を使います。
単純過去形、不規則動詞
単純過去形で不規則な動詞もあります。下記は最も一般的なものです：
to go
- He went to a club last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night?
- He didn't go to bed early last night.
to give
- We gave her a doll for her birthday.
- They didn't give John their new address.
- Did Barry give you my passport?
to come
- My parents came to visit me last July.
- We didn't come because it was raining.
- Did he come to your party last week?