過去完了継続
過去完了継続の機能
過去完了継続は、現在完了継続に呼応しますが、今までより前を示します。現在完了継続と同様に、プロセスにより興味があります。
例
- Had you been waiting long before the taxi arrived?
- We had been trying to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.
- It had been raining hard for several hours and the streets were very wet.
- Her friends had been thinking of calling the police when she walked in.
この形状は、間接話法にも使われます。 これは、直接話法の過去継続と現在完了継続と同じです：
- Jane said, "I have been gardening all afternoon." = Jane said she had been gardening all afternoon.
- When the police questioned him, John said, "I was working late in the office that night." = When the police questioned him, John told them he had been working late in the office that night.
過去完了継続の作り方
過去完了継続は、動詞to beの過去完了(=had been) + 現在分詞 (基本形+ing)の二つの要素からなります。
| 主語 | had been | 動詞 + ing |
|---|---|---|
| I | had been | walking |
| 肯定文 | ||
| She | had been | trying |
| 否定文 | ||
| She | hadn't been | sleeping |
| 疑問文 | ||
| Had you | been | eating? |
| 否定疑問文 | ||
| Hadn't they | been | living? |
To buy、過去完了継続
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
|---|---|---|
| I had been buying | I hadn't been buying | Had I been buying? |
| You had been buying | You hadn't been buying | Had you been buying? |
| She had been buying | She hadn't been buying | Had she been buying? |
| We had been buying | We hadn't been buying | Had we been buying? |
| They had been buying | They hadn't been buying | Had they been buying? |