形状
未来完了は二つの要素からなります：
動詞"to have"の単純未来形 (will have) + 主動詞の過去分詞
| 主語 | + will have | + 主動詞の過去分詞 |
|---|---|---|
| He | will have | finished. |
| I | will have | finished. |
To arrive、未来完了形
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 | 否定疑問文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I will have arrived | I won't have arrived | Will I have arrived? | Won't I have arrived? |
| You will have arrived | You won't have arrived | Will you have arrived? | Won't you have arrived? |
| He will have arrived | He won't have arrived | Will he have arrived? | Won't he have arrived? |
| We will have arrived | We won't have arrived | Will we have arrived? | Won't we have arrived? |
| They will have arrived | They won't have arrived | Will they have arrived? | Won't they have arrived? |
機能
未来完了形は、未来に完了する出来事を述べます。この時制を使う場合、未来を予測し、その時点から今より後のいつかに完了するだろう出来事を振り返っています。これは、時間を表現する時に最もよく使われます。
例
- I will have been here for six months on June 23rd.
- By the time you read this I will have left.
- You will have finished your report by this time next week.
- Won't they have arrived by 5:00?
- Will you have eaten when I pick you up?